Investigate whether firelighter, wood, ethanol, paraffin or wax contains the most energy :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Investigate whether firelighter, wood, ethanol, paraffin or wax contains the most energy Energy In Different Fuels Aim: I am going to investigate which fuels contain the most energy between; firelighter, wood, ethanol, paraffin and wax. Prediction: I think that the fuel that contains the most energy is the one that produces the highest rise in temperature of the water. I know this because†¦ Heat + fuel + oxygen => CO2 + H20 + energy. The energy realised is heat and light energy, which is dependent on the chemical potential energy in the fuel. The greater the chemical potential energy the more energy is transferred as heat and light; the greater the rise in temperature. And because of the fire triangle: tri2.gif (22406 bytes) Apparatus: List: Stop watch Thermometer Splint Clamp Matches Boiling tube Heat proof mat Fuels: Firelighter, Wood, Ethanol, Paraffin, Wax. Method (Preliminary test): first of all, I will make sure I take all of the safety precautions, I.e. tie back long hair, use goggles and make sure the room is well ventilated. Secondly I will set out the apparatus and get all the equipment from the list (shown on the previous page). Using the measuring cylinder, I will put 20cm3 of distilled water into a boiling tube, and take the starting temperature. In order to make this a fair test I will burn the fuel for one minute only, use 20cm3 of water and make sure the tip of the fuel’s flame is under the boiling tube. After the minute is up, I will blow out the flame or place the lid of the fuel over it, (cutting off the oxygen). I will then take the finial temperature. Then I will repeat the experiment for the other four fuels, in order to establish which two fuels produced the highest rise in temperature of the water. Method - Comparison: I will then compare these two fuels by heating them until they get to a certain temperature noting down the time every time the temperature increases by 10 °C in order to form a scatter graph using line of best fit. I will use step one and most of step two from the preliminary test (first of all, I will make sure I take all of the safety precautions, I.e. tie back long hair, use goggles and make sure the room is well ventilated. Secondly I will set out the apparatus and get all the equipment from the list (shown on the previous page). Using the measuring cylinder, I will put 20cm3 of distilled water into a boiling tube,) I then heat the water using the first fuel until it rises to 100 °C, noting the time every 10 °C starting from 20 °C.

Favourite Book Essay

The best book ever is German First of all I have to admit that I’m not a great book-lover, I don’t read a lot and this is a pity as I know I could improve my knowledge, my vocabulary, my ability in speaking and my fantasy too, but unfortunately I can’t find lot of free time to dedicate to books. Or, when I find it, I get tired soon and I can’t stay concentrate for a long time. Sometimes I re-discover the pleasure of reading especially when I find a book –or an article- that captures me. This has been the case of Christiane F.- Wir kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo, an extraordinary book I read twice (never happened before) that I can consider my favourite book at all. Christiane is a girl who lived the crazy Seventies in Berlin; in this autobiographic book she tells her unregulated life from the difficulties of the childhood to the age of twenty, when she had just came out of the tunnel of drug. Her rough father divorced from her careless mother and Christiane, with her little sister, had to move to Gropiusstadt, where she met the degrading side of life. When she was 12 she smoke marijuana for the fist time, following with LSD, ephedrine, mandrax, until she turned 14 and took Heroine. Since then, she had been taking drugs almost everyday, earning money with prostitution and little robberies. Her mum, after having found the girl fainted in the bathroom with a syringe in a vein, tried every possible rehab but she succeeded only at the age of 17. Christiane still lives in Berlin, has a child and she has had some relapses, but she never forgets her story, also made of friends who died for overdose. I think her life is told in a super-realistic way, full of passions, feelings and emotions that the reader can sense in first person. I loved so much this book that I went to Berlin and I visited Christiane’s places trying to imagine what was the context like at her age. I have hundreds of thing to add, but I must finish here, so I recommend this book with all my heart !

Internet Censorship Essay - 2832 Words

The Internet distributes more information than any other medium in the world. There are several problems that have emerged along with the Internet, â€Å"As soon as the public began to use the Internet, people began to express concern about its use† (Clark 1). Some groups feel that the World Wide Web is dangerous because of it’s open accessibility, whereas other groups see that the Internet is something that can be used to share knowledge globally. The Internet should not be censored because censorship would restrict Americans’ first amendment rights; regulations have been tried and have failed in the past, and there are better methods of education and protection than censorship. The rights put forth by the first amendment protect the†¦show more content†¦In 1972, the Department of Defense began to oversee and finance the ARPA project and ARPA became DARPA. Better technology was created and approved for use by the government in the mid-seventies, and in January, 1983, a major jump was made in how files were transferred. This was thought of by many to be the birth of the World Wide Web. From 1983 to 1995, several new characteristics were brought into the network to improve and sophisticate it. On April 30, 1995, the Internet was released to the world; the government gave total control to the user and took all hands off (The Internets History and Development). The Internet was now growing at a huge rate and would not be slowed down. By 1996 both Microsoft and Netscape were at war over which Internet web browser would prove to be the better of the two; there were 12.8 million hosts, and half a million websites. In only a year the number of hosts was up to 19.5 million and there were one million web sites (History of the Internet). The idea of a network between computers took a strong hold in the minds of Americans and all over the world. The idea sprouted faster than almost any other technology known to man. Also known as the â€Å"information superhighway† the Internet has almost limitless possibilities because Users can diagnose a ‘virtualShow MoreRelatedCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet985 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of Censorship of the Internet in America has become a trending topic. The internet has been commonly censored to comply with the Digital Millennium Rights Act, but in recent times our government has been requesting more aggressive censorship in order to provide a safer cyberspace. If the American government began to censor the internet, the restriction will result in suppression of freedom of the press, hindering freedom of speech, and reduce the plethora of information on the internet. If AmericaRead MoreInternet Censorship And The Internet941 Words   |  4 Pages More than two decades ago, the Internet was yet to be ubiquitous in the homes of the general public around the world. Today, global users of the Internet has surpassed the 3 billion mark, or approximately 45% of the world population, a trend that is not likely to slow down anytime soon (World Internet Users Statistics and 2015 World Population Stats, 2014). The idealistic vision of self-governance of the Internet has proved to be insufficient and threats to the Internet’s core principles areRead MoreThe Internet and Censorship940 Words   |  4 PagesThe internet is a diverse pool of information that anyone nowadays can have access to. One of the more controversial topics that involves the internet, is the censorship of the internet. Internet censorship can be defined as the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published or viewed on the internet. It’s been hot topic in recent years because many government organizations have been trying to pass many reforms to help push the censorship of the internet, either directly or indirectlyRead More Internet Censorship Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone has heard of the Internet and how it is going to help set the world free. The Internet is the fastest growing form of communication and is becoming more and more common in the home. Companies these days do big business over the Internet, and online shopping has grown tremendously in the last few years. For instance, the online auction site eBay sells millions of items every year online. Many companies are making even more plans to expand their business to the Internet. Unfortunately, there haveRead MoreInternet Censorship1799 Words   |  8 PagesTechnologies Used In Internet Censorship and Control Murdoch (2013) opines the Internet as an entity where control is always fought over for by those that use it. He further demystifies the internet, breaking it down to the two protocols that define it. These are the transmission control protocol – TCP- and the Internet Protocol –Ip. It is these protocols that enable the connection of two separate networks to each other. The protocols enable the easy connection of separate networks, without theRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet1754 Words   |  8 PagesCensorship of the Internet is on the rise in highly populated states today. Although the Internet is considered as one of the most significant tools for the public sphere, many users have decried the Internet’s benefits and seen the Internet as a ‘double-edged sword’. Even as the Internet connects most of the world and gives valuable access to information, the same tool allows access to material that may be considered dangerous or harmfu l. The recent increase in discussion on the act of censorshipRead MoreThe Censorship Of Internet Censorship3057 Words   |  13 Pages Internet Censorship Student’s Name: Institution Name: Internet Censorship Internet censorship refers to the suppression and control of what people can access, publish, or view on the cyberspace (Reynolds, 2014). It may be done by regimes or private firms at the command of the government. It can be a government’s initiative is or carried out by regulators. Organizations and individuals may practice self-censorship for religious, business or moral reasons to comply with societal normsRead More Internet Censorship Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Censorship The freedom of speech that was possible on the Internet could now be subjected to governmental approvals. For example, China is attempting to restrict political expression, in the name of security and social stability. It requires users of the Internet and electronic mail (e-mail) to register, so that it may monitor their activities. In the United Kingdom, state secrets and personal attacks are off limits on the Internet. Laws are strict and the government is extremely interestedRead MoreInternet Censorship Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Censorship Presently, it seems that the Internet is playing a very important role in everyones daily life. This multipurpose network has many different functions useful for everyday work and entertainment. Due to the freedom of the Internet various debates and protests have come to disagree with its open form of communication. Because of the misuse of the internet many people believe that there should be some kind of internet censorship, while others are against internet censorshipRead More Censorship and the Internet Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation available on the internet many people believe that some of this information should be censored by the United States Government. Whos to say what should be accessible and what should not? Where does it start and stop? Does internet censorship make a nation a safer place to live? There are many countries that don’t allow the use of the internet at all and some countries only censor what they don’t want their citizens to know. Daniel Calingaert said â€Å"The internet has provided greater space

Interstellar Medium The Space Between Stars

The Media Helps to Construct National Identity and Loyal...

The media helps to construct national identity and loyal national subjects. Discuss. Introduction In the twenty first century, the media has been transformed into a highly influential tool and segmented to aspects such as print, broadcast, film, outdoor and internet etc. The relationship between the media and construction of national identity is apparent with distinctive representation of nationalism in news coverage of politics, celebrations, tourism and country heritage (Leong, 2001). National identity is the transmission of each generation’s legacy to the next and the enabling of the nation citizen to take pride and identification of the country (Stephan, 2009). A nation positive unique identity breeds patriotism which consequently†¦show more content†¦As such the Singapore flag, pledge and anthem together with the National Day visual display of patriotism and flags on the building are promoted daily in schools and annually on 9th of August with much elaboration and significance. Therefore, it can be seen that media in Singapore are essential tools to promote national identity while supporting the ruling party political regime. Singapore then Prime Minister proposed that the press should support national goals and he states that: â€Å"we want mass media to reinforce, not undermine, the cultural values and social attitudes being inculcated in out school and universities† (Lee, 1971). For that reason, most of Singapore media today is under control of the government or government-linked corporations and are the principal instrument in creating social and political stability as well as advocating government policies and instilling nationalism (Leong, 2001). Also, the government uses Roger Protection Motivation theory (Severin Tankard 1992, p.159) by arousing fear to help influence the cognition, attitude and behaviors intention through the severity, probability and efficacy of an event (Rogers, 1983). Fear appeal like self-censorship; out-of-bound markers and hefty defamation suit are used extensively to control the media and prevent dissenting criticism or anything that will deconstruct the nation identity and subject loyalty. As such, lesser negativity on the nation willShow MoreRelatedSocial Media as a Public Relations Tool in Fashion Industry5164 Words   |  21 PagesCHAPTER 1 1. INTRODUCTION Social media refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas through internet. It could be in the form of magazines, web-blogs, wikis, social networks , podcasts, photographs or pictures, videos, et cetera.. Social media is the easiest, fastest, and the most explosive way to transmit and receive information. Thus they have an immense influence on people, through which brands and orgaisationsRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagescompete on price, directly affects the motivation to build brands. The second reason, the proliferation of competitors, reduces the positioning options available and makes implementation less effective. The third and fourth reasons, the fragmentation in media and markets and the involvement of multiple brands and products, describe the context of building brands today, a context that involves a growing level of complexity. The remaining reasons reflect internal pressures that inhibit brand buildingRead Moredigital marketing impact on consumer buying behavior13654 Words   |  55 Pagesrelationships (Vargo and Lusch 2004). Technological innovations, new channels, and changing media environments facilitate this shift (Bhattacharya and Bolton 2000), and the question of how firms should interact with their customers is gaining in importance, especially as firms consider the cost differences between traditional communications media, such as television and sales forces, and electronic media, such as the Web and email (Reinartz et al. 2005). The cost efficiency and interactivity ofRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 Pagesedge over your peers because you can apply the real-life concepts and techniques you learn directly to your day to day work. You can also form important relationships with this influential community as well as with your fellow students, which will help build your professional networks. Kaplan Higher Education is part of Kaplan, Inc., a leading global education provider, which serves more than one million students in 30 countries each year. By studying with us you are now part of this global connectionRead MoreSocial Media Impact on Business10631 Words   |  43 PagesContents: 1. Introduction 2 2. Social Media and Business 2 3. Types of Social Media and Their Importance for Companies 4 4. Social Media Functionality Blocks and Their Implications for Companies 7 5. Social Media and Information Half-life and Depth 10 6. LinkedIn Poll 12 7. Recruitment and Search for Talent 13 8. Advertising and Brands Enhancement 17 9. Customer Profiling and Customer Service and Realtionship Management 21 10. The Future of Social Media 25 11. Conslusion 28 12. References 29 1Read MoreSocial Media Impact on Business10637 Words   |  43 PagesContents: 1. Introduction 2 2. Social Media and Business 2 3. Types of Social Media and Their Importance for Companies 4 4. Social Media Functionality Blocks and Their Implications for Companies 7 5. Social Media and Information Half-life and Depth 10 6. LinkedIn Poll 12 7. Recruitment and Search for Talent 13 8. Advertising and Brands Enhancement 17 9. Customer Profiling and Customer Service and Realtionship Management 21 10. The Future of Social Media 25 11. Conslusion 28 12. ReferencesRead MoreBrand Strategy and Imc11643 Words   |  47 Pagesapplied three critical IMC practices: strategically consistent brand communication, cross-functional planning and monitoring, and data-driven targeting and communication. ITL s use of these key IMC processes has enabled the company to effectively construct brand imagery for its flagship cigarette trademark, Player s, with greater brand equity resulting in greater shareholder value. Integrated marketing communication (IMC) is defined as a cross-functional process for creating and nourishing profitableRead MoreCommunication as a Cross-Cultural Challenge for International Management18350 Words   |  74 PagesINDUSTRY AND NATIONAL CULTURES 5.2.1 A THIRD TYPE OF CULTURE: 5.2.2 EMPHASIS ON CORPORATE CULTURE 5.3 INDIVIDUAL COMPETENCES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE 6. CONCLUSION 6.1 CONTRIBUTIONS 6.2 DELIMITATIONS 6.3 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND FINAL COMMENTS 7. REFERENCES 24 26 26 27 28 30 32 32 32 33 34 34 34 35 36 38 39 39 40 41    4       1. INTRODUCTION This is the first section of the thesis, which has the purpose of giving the readers an insight into the specific subject area andRead MoreCulture of Proctor and Gamble7701 Words   |  31 PagesAppropriately †¢ The Government as a Customer †¢ Treating Competitors Appropriately †¢ Fair Competition †¢ Advertising and Promoting to Consumers Appropriately 4. Consumer Privacy and Confidentiality †¢ Confidentiality †¢ Consumer Privacy 5. Communicating with the Media 6. Research Involving Animals D. Respect in Society and Our Communities 1. Community Relations 2. Support of Universal Human Rights E. 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Death and Dying Research Paper free essay sample

Every year the seasons change. Every year October comes and goes. Beginning with the Celt’s celebrating the end of the year with past spirits, the Romans celebrating the goddess of orchards, Pomona, to the Christians celebrating Saints day, Halloween is a diverse deathly day. All Hallows Eve, The Vigil of Samhain, and Feast of Pomona are the ancient names for the calendar day of October 31st, the day currently known as Halloween throughout most of the world. Whether a person practices religion or not, Halloween exists in some form; furthermore, it may be loved or may be feared either way Halloween has occurred for centuries and it will continue to occur throughout societies around the world. I. History a. Celts i. Festival of Samhain 1. Samhain – (Sow-win) Celtic word for â€Å"summers end† a. Thought to be the day that dead deceased souls return to Earth. b. Celtic priests were known as Druids. They had magical powers. Druids would build fires during the harvest to sacrifice crops and animals in return for the Druids predicting the future. . Celts believed that when the dead walked the Earth one time a year they were choosing who dies that year. b. Romans i. Romans invaded the Celts, and ruled them for 400 years. ii. Pomona c. Christians i. All Hallows Eve/All Saint’s Day II. Traditions a. Graveyards i. Ghosts were thought to have danced in the graveyards on Halloween. If a person encountered a ghost it was a warning that death was coming. b. Black and Orange i. Black means night/evil ii. Orange means end of harvest c. Costumes i. To blend in with the walking spirits, people dressed in costumes. d. Parties i. Bonfires 1. Were believed to chase away the spirits. ii. Harvest parties 1. Cooking the food of the end of the harvest season to commence the beginning of winter. e. Trick – or – Treating i. Door to Door asking for food. England- children dressed in costumes and went door-to-door asking for cakes. 1. If no cake or treat were giving, children would play a trick on the homeowner. f. Jack-o-Lanterns i. Ireland – Protection from Evil Spirits 1. Irish man named Jack played tricks on the devil. When Jack died the heavens didn’t want, and the hell didn’t want, so he is said to wonder the earth holding a lantern to light his way. Original carved jack-o-lantern was a turnip. (Halloween – Dana Meachen Rau) g. Witches i. Not always evil. Grew into evil. People began thinking that witches were causing disease and death. Also were thought to worship the devil. h. Black Cats i. Celts believed evil spirits returned in the form of black cats. (Halloween – Dana Meachen Rau) ii. Witches turned into black cats. (Halloween – Dana Meachen Rau) III. Day of the Dead a. Mexican Holiday IV. Halloween a. The Now i. Witches are no longer persecuted, as they were 100s of years ago. Wicca is now a recognized religion and practiced throughout the world, yet still feared as devil worship. ii. Commercialized Holiday – Products being sold, No one really knows the meaning behind Halloween; most children think Halloween is just a time for dressing up in costume and collecting candy. There are much less family farming, therefore, there is no need to have an end of harvest festival. iii. Adult Festivals 1. Halloween Horror Nights iv. Trick-or-Treating Now 1. Parents taking children to other neighborhoods 2. Having to check candy for poison Conclusion: Today’s Halloween is not that much different than Halloweens of past, the Festival of Samhain, the Festival of Pamona, and All Hallows Eve. People still fear the meaning of Halloween its symbols and traditions. Black cats are still thought to be evil. Witches are still thought to be devil worshipers; however, they are no longer burned at the stake. There is still trick-or-treating, carving of jack-o-lanterns, bonfires, and parties. Halloween has become more commercialized than traditionally celebrating the end of harvest, predictions of next year’s harvest with an unpredictable winter, and honoring the souls of the dead. Vocabulary Words: . Spirits an animating or vital principle held to give life to physical organisms (Merriam-Webster) 2. Graveyard – Cemetery – A burial ground. (Merriam-Webster) Every year the seasons change. Every year October comes and goes. Beginning with the Celt’s celebrating the end of the year with past spirits (Merriam-Web ster), the Romans celebrating the goddess of orchards, Pomona, to the Christians celebrating Saints day, Halloween is a diverse deathly day. All Hallow’s Eve, The Vigil of Samhain, and Feast of Pomona are the ancient names for the calendar day of October 31st, the day currently known as Halloween throughout most of the world. Whether a person practices religion or not, Halloween exists in some form; furthermore, it may be loved or may be feared either way Halloween has occurred for centuries and it will continue to occur throughout societies around the world. The Celts are a medieval tribal society. The end of the harvest season for the Celts was October 31st. This was the time of the year where the crops were harvested, the livestock were herded in for the winter, and the sun disappeared. Celtic priests were known as Druids. The Druids were believed to be able to predict the future; moreover, it was extremely important to have the future months predicted, for many Celts would not make through the winter months. It was believed that the dead would walk amongst the living on the Eve of October 31st, and the Druids would communicate with the dead through celebration. The Druids would build enormous bonfires and sacrifice crops and animals. They would wear exuberant costumes made of animal parts and dance around the bonfires communicating with the spirits (an animating or vital principle held to give life to physical organisms (Merriam-Webster). This was known as the Festival of Samhain. Samhain is the Celtic word for the â€Å"end of summer† (History. com) (The True History of Halloween) There is a folklore that Samhain was the God of Death, and that he fought with the God of the Sun and won; furthermore, imprisoning the sun for the â€Å"winter†. This theory has never been confirmed. According to religions. com this is just a Pagan scary tale to tell during Halloween. â€Å"The Feast of Samhain was a fearsome night, a dreaded night, a night in which great bonfires were lit to Samana the Lord of Death, the dark Aryan god who was known as the Grim Reaper, the leader of the ancestral Ghosts. Johanna Michaelsen. During the reign of Julius Caesar, the Romans invaded and conquered the Celts. For 400 years, the Romans ruled the Celts. The Goddess Pomona is the goddess of fruit and seeds. She was believed to watch over the crops during the harvesting months. The Romans celebrated her during the end of the harvest s eason between October 31st and November 1st; therefore, combining the Roman Festival of Pomona with the Celt Festival of Samhain making one large festival. The Christians put a spin on October 31st as All Hallows Eve. Candles are lit at the gravestones of the deceased. The following day is All Saint’s Day. It is believed that there is a certain bond between souls in heaven, purgatory, and the living. All Souls or Saints day is a day to celebrate and interact with the bond of the living and the deceased. All three celebrations, The Festival of Samhain, The Festival of Pomona, and All Hallows Eve are in current times combined as Halloween. During a potato famine in the 19th century, droves of Irish came to the Americas. Before this the ritual of Halloween was not celebrated in America. Along with the Irish came Irish cultures. America caught on quickly and by the early 20th century Halloween became a tradition in America. Many of the ancient traditions were practiced in the Americas. There are numerous traditions and images that symbolize Halloween: Graveyards, black and orange, costumes, parties, trick-or-treating, jack-o-lanterns, witches, and black cats are just few of the many images associated with Halloween. Graveyards (burial grounds- Merriam-Webster) are traditionally believed to be where the spirits of the deceased danced on Halloween. It was believed that if one encountered a spirit in the graveyard death was soon to follow. The colors associated with Halloween are black and orange. Black is a sign of death, and orange is the sign for harvest. Black and orange are still the colors associated and used to celebrate Halloween currently. Black cats are thought to be evil spirits or witches that have transformed. People still have superstitions related with black cats; however, the so-called curse of the black cat doesn’t stand if one has a black cat. Witches were not always thought to be evil. This suspicion grew when people started suspecting witches were causing disease and death, while worshiping the devil. There were even witch trials persecuting suspected witches, and finding them guilty without evidence but one person’s suspicion. People found guilt of witchcraft were burned alive. Witchcraft or Wicca is now a respected religion; practicing wiccans worship nature not the devil. Even though, Wiccan is a respected religion, it is still taboo in many cultures; therefore, a practicing â€Å"witch† may never reveal to the world that he or she is. Portraying a witch is a popular Halloween costume currently. Costumes were worn to blend in with the wondering spirits, so they couldn’t differentiate and haunt the living. Costumes are now just as extravagant and used to go trick-or-treating in, go to parties, in haunted houses, or in costume contests. Trick-or-treating during ancient times was when families would go house-to-house asking for cake or food from the end of the harvest. If cake was not provided then tricks were played on the dwelling. In current time, trick-or-treating is a tradition of children dressing in costume going house-to-house asking for candy. A quarter of all candy purchased yearly is sold on Halloween. History. com) Now day’s parents must check children’s candy for injected drugs or other paraphernalia. The older children whom no longer trick-or-treat may go gallivanting around neighborhoods playing tricks on unsuspecting homes; for example: leaving flaming dog poop on door stoops, tepee houses (coving homes in toilet paper), and smashing pumpkin s and mailboxes. Jack-o-lanterns come from the myth of an Irish man named Jack. Jack would play tricks on the Devil. When Jack died, neither heaven nor hell wanted him, so the Devil carved a turnip and put a candle in for Jack to use as a lantern to walk Earth. When the traditions of Halloween came to the Americas, pumpkins were used because they are much easier than to carve than turnips. (Halloween-Dana Meachen Rau) Jack-o-lanterns are used porch decorations or to light a walkway to house for trick-or-treaters and partygoers. (Halloween) Parties and festivals are the most ancient of traditions, hence the Festival of Samhain and the Festival of Samona. Bonfires and harvest parties were an essential part of Halloween. Bonfires were believed to chase away the spirits as well as the ancient Druids used them to talk to the spirits. Bonfires were also used for sharing the harvest with the town as an end of harvest celebration. The present Halloween parties are extravagant and traditional. Many people have one party a year only on Halloween, and they plan all year. Houses are decorated weeks in advance. It is a time to let loose, dress up in costume, and play games for children and adults; bobbing for apples is a traditional Halloween game. There are many festivals. Not in the ancient meaning. Some festivals like Halloween Horror Nights in Orlando, Florida at Universal Studios is held every year for the entire month of October leading up to Halloween. There are numerous haunted house placed throughout the park, dancers and singers perform elaborate street acts, and actors portray scary characters to walk the streets and scare patrons as they wonder around the park in search of the next adrenaline rush scare! A well-known Mexican tradition celebrated during Halloween is the Day of the Dead or Dia de los Muertos. The day of the dead is day to celebrate the spirits walking amongst the living, for it is the complete opposite of Halloween. They welcome the spirits of deceased. It is a colorful celebration of the spirits. The tradition of offering and participation in the celebration is an obligation and vital part of Mexican traditions. It is extremely frowned upon if one does not participate. In other words it taboo to not participate in welcoming the spirits and celebrating the 24 hours they get to spend amongst the living. Gravesites are decorated with colorful decorations welcoming the returning spirits. Favorite foods are set out, and parties happen in graveyards. â€Å"To the inhabitant of New York, Paris, or London, death is a word that is never uttered because it burns the lips. The Mexican on the other hand, frequents it, mocks it, caresses it, sleep with it, entertains it; it is one of his favorite playthings and his most enduring love. † –Octavio Paz – Day of the Dead. Death is not feared in Mexico is embraced. The god of death, Mictlantecuhtli was not fears by ancients Mexicans, the Aztecs. The current celebration has not changed much since the past. The Day of Dead is still a very happy, loud, and colorful celebration of the dead. Today’s Halloween is not that much different than Halloweens of past, the Festival of Samhain, the Festival of Pamona, and All Hallows Eve. People still fear the meaning of Halloween its symbols and traditions. Black cats are still thought to be evil. Witches are still thought to be devil worshipers; however, they are no longer burned at the stake. There is still trick-or-treating, carving of jack-o-lanterns, bonfires, and parties. Halloween has become more commercialized than traditionally celebrating the end of harvest, predictions of next year’s harvest with an unpredictable winter, and honoring the souls of the dead.

Cost Leadership free essay sample

The use of this strategy is primarily to gain an advantage over competitors by reducing operation costs below that of others in the same industry. For example, The Swedish furniture retailer Ikea revolutionized the furniture industry by offering cheap but stylish furniture. Ikea is able to keep its prices low by sourcing its products in low-wage countries and by offering a very basic level of service and it allows Ikea to offer lower prices that attract customer. Differentiation strategy Approach under which a firm aims to develop and market unique products for different customer segments. It is usually employed where a firm has clear competitive advantages, and can sustain an expensive advertising campaign. For example, in consumer electronic there is Sony Company. Sony provide a lot of thing in electronic thing like Vaio for computer, Xperia for hand phone, Sony walkman for music players and etc which they are different from other rival in such their style, specification and quality. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost Leadership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Focus strategy Refer to the business level strategy based on providing products or services to a specific niche within industry. The firm would narrow its focus on a smaller market niche and decide whether to go for cost leader or differentiation focus. For example firm who decide focus on cost is Mydin that provide low cost product which their focus is for middle class people who can afford their price. While another example for focus on differentiation is Ferrari which have differentiation strategy focus in car industry. They made their product by hand made. Achieving a sustainable competitive advantage over the other competing products and firms in a market is a one of goals for the company. It can be achiece by using Porters Generic Strategies. Diagram above show the three generic business level strategies adopted from Porter, 1985. The three element are cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and focus strategy. Firstly, i would like to talk about cost leadership strategy. This strategy used by businesses to create a low cost of operation within their niche. The use of this strategy is primarily to gain an advantage over competitors by reducing operation costs below that of others in the same industry. For example, The Swedish furniture retailer Ikea revolutionized the furniture industry by offering cheap but stylish furniture. Ikea is able to keep its prices low by sourcing its products in low-wage countries and by offering a very basic level of service and it allows Ikea to offer lower prices that attract customer. Secondly, differentiation strategy approach under which a firm aims   to develop and market unique product for different customer segment. It is usually employed here a firm has clear competitive advantages and can sustain an expensive advertising campaign. For example, in consumer electronic there is Sony Company. Sony provide a lot of thing in electronic thing like Vaio for computer, Xperia for hand phone, Sony walkman for music players and etc which they are different from other rival in such their style, specification and quality. Last strategy is focus strategy which refer to the business level strategy based on providing products or services to a specific niche within industry. It also diveded into two form which cost based focus and differentiation focus. The firm would narrow its focus on a smaller market niche and decide whether to go for cost leader or differentiation focus. For example firm who decide focus on cost is Mydin, a grocery stores   that provide low cost product which their focus is for middle class people who can afford their price. While another example for focus on differentiation is Ferrari which have differentiation strategy focus in car industry. They made their product by hand made and their focus are for rich people who are willing to pay a high price in order to get differentiation from others. As conclusion, here are some strategies that firm can take in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage  over the other competing products and firms in a market which using Porters Generic Strategies and some of example from me to make you all have firm to make sample for reference. I hope you can understand and can use it as a new plan strategies in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage over the other competing products and firms in a market.